Phases of Matter

What are the phases of matter?
There are 4 phases of matter named: Liquid, Solid, Gas, and Plasma. Liquid is described as having particles and molecules are not close together and not concentrated. Solid has molecules very concentrated which makes it harder. Gas has its molecules very spread out which makes it less concentrated. Plasma is a gas that is composed of free floating ions.


How is on phase of matter different than another phase? There is a very big difference between the matter phases. Solid has a very focused energy which makes it harder. While a liquid is more soft and has a spread out molecules.

Design 3 tests that you can do to determine whether an object is on of the 3 common phases of matter? For a liquid you can let it drip to see if it has a spread molecules. We can test that by putting the liquid in a container and see if it will take the shape of the container. We know a solid is something that is hard. We can test that by putting it in a bag and if the same shape you know its a solid.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/Phasesofmatter.shtml

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.splung.com/heat/images/phases/phasechange.png&imgrefurl=http://www.splung.com/content/sid/6/page/phasesofmatter&usg=__VNkCVbpR-5vJnvfYe-lS9Av6JXw=&h=381&w=414&sz=238&hl=en&start=0&sig2=z4B8keADbyDJ1RZN8dY6Pg&zoom=1&tbnid=FcXTxpx6QKUb3M:&tbnh=146&tbnw=160&ei=VmzOTPacFY6Dswbb27yXCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHow%2Bis%2Bone%2Bphase%2Bof%2Bmatter%2Bdifferent%2Bthan%2Banother%2Bphase%253F%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D575%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=339&vpy=253&dur=3800&hovh=215&hovw=234&tx=111&ty=189&oei=VmzOTPacFY6Dswbb27yXCA&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0

Flame Test

''A flame test is a procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of certain metal ions, based on each element's characteristic emission spectrum. The color of flames in general also depends on temperature; see flame color''.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test

The flame test is used to visually determine the identity of an unknown metal or metalloid ion based on the characteristic color the salt turns the flame of a bunsen burner. The heat of the flame converts the metal ions into atoms which become excited and emit visible light. The characteristic emission spectra can be used to differentiate between some elements. 

http://chemistry.about.com/od/analyticalchemistry/a/flametest.htm

Lithium

Lithium on Prezi

Red Sludge

         On Tuesday, 5, 2010 a disaster happened in Hungary. The disaster was an, waste water spill spilled from a company called MAL. It was a very big disaster. The spill made big damage such as flipping over cars, getting into houses, and flooding farmlands. The disaster killed 4 people and injured 120. The sludge contain Bauxite the raw material from which aluminum is processed, contains a mix of minerals, including aluminum, iron oxides and titanium dioxides.

Links:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oct/05/hungary-toxic-sludge-spill

http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/88/i41/8841news8.html

Lab Pictures

This is a picture of our second experiment. We made a triangle out of aluminum and poured the solution with the salt dissolved in the empty space. 

In this picture you can clearly see how the bubbles are forming on the aluminum.

 This pictures shows how the bottom of the aluminum has a hole built from the solution and the salt.

















This pictures shows how the copper divided the aluminum into small circles.

 This picture shows how the aluminum has been turned into copper and there is a bubble formed at the corner. The entire surface is covered with the copper.

 This pictures shows how there is parts of aluminum but most if the part is covered with the copper. This image looks like continent of Africa.

This picture shows how the copper got stuck on the spoon.

Glogster Project

Chemistry Brainstorming

Nitrogen

1. The article lists three chemical elements needed for plant growth. Name them.

The chemical elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

2. Most plants cannot use diatomic nitrogen to help them grow. Name three plants that can use N2 and explain why they are able to use N2.

The three plants are soybeans, peas, and clover. They can use N2 because of the bacteria that lives on the roots of these plants convert into nitrogen gas.

3. In what form is nitrogen present in most fertilizers?

Nitrogen is present in most fertilizers because

Structure of Matter

1. The Ocean: When you are in the ocean you will see all of these components that I mentioned.
Salt Water
Fish
Sand
Algea
Seeweed
Rock

2. Sea Water: As the word says Sea Water it means that it is made up of water. If you go swimming in Sea Water you will notice that it is also made up of salt.
Salt
Water
Oxygen

3. Beach Sand: If you try crushing rock you will make sand.
Crushed Rock
Silica

4. Salt:
Sodium Chloride

5. Silicon:
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen

6.Chlorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Xenon
Krypton

Different diagrams of Atoms

The Octet Rule is the rule that says atoms combine in a way such that they have eight electrons in their valence shells. This rule could be especially used for Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen. This rule could also be applied to Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine. Also the meaning of the word octet is eight.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_rule
http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-08/octet.html

The Bohr Model is when a atom positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons travel in circular shapes around the nucleus.

Lewis Dot Diagram - The Lewis Dot Diagram consists of the elemental symbol which represents the nucleus of the atom. The Lewis Dot Diagram represents the number of electrons on the outside shell of an atom up to 8 electrons.

Green Plastics

How are these plastics being developed? These plastics are developed by molecules. They are made of monemers which make up polemers. They say that 200,000,000,000 Pounds every year of plastic is produced every year.

What makes these plastics "green?" The thing that makes these plastics green is that is made by renewing resources such as sugar which is made of types of grains.

How many different types of reactions were mentioned? In the video they mentioned five reactions.

How many different elements could you see? You could only see one of the reactions.

What connection is there between this video and the article about water? In both of the videos some things over lap. Such as plastic needs water to be manufactured or made.

Water

1  Water is everywhere—there are 332,500,000 cubic miles of it on the earth’s surface. But less than 1 percent of it is fresh and accessible, even when you include bottled water.

It is an enormous amount of water.

2  Cheers! The new Water Recovery System on the International Space Station recycles 93 percent of astronauts’ perspiration and urine, turning it back into drinking water

It is kind of good that you can recycle urine into water.

3  You can make your own water by mixing hydrogen and oxygen in a container and adding a spark. Unfortunately, that is the formula that helped destroy the Hindenburg.

It is cool that you can make you own water.

4 Vicious cycle: Water in the stratosphere contributes to the current warming of the earth’s atmosphere. That in turn may increase the severity of tropical cyclones, which throw more water into the stratosphere. That’s the theory, anyway.

I think more water on planet Earth is better.

5 At the other end of the wetness scale, planet GJ 1214b, which orbits a red dwarf star, may be almost entirely water.

I liked this fact because of the fact that there is one planet that is completely covered with water.

Google Facts 

1 97 % of earth’s water is in the oceans. Only 3 % of the earth’s water can be used as drinking water. 75 % of the world’s fresh water is frozen in the polar ice caps.

I found interesting the fact that out of 97 percent of water on Earth only 3 is drinking water.

2 The average person in the United States uses 80 to 100 gallons of water each day. During medieval times a person used only 5 gallons per day.

This fact is intersting because an average person uses 20 times more water than in medivil times.

3 87 % of New Jersey’s population obtains its drinking water from a public water system and 13 % from private residential wells. 

A big amount of water is used from the public water.

4 It takes about 1 gallon of water to process a quarter pound of hamburger. 

So for every quarter pound of Hamburger that is made 1 Gallon is used.  

5 The overall amount of water on our planet has remained the same for two billion years.

This fact is interesting because now we know how much water we have left

 

Going, Going, Gone.

The article I read was called Going, Going, Gone. The article talks about helium how we dont have it more and how we dont use it wisely and that it will run out soon.

Why is this element rare on Earth, yet abundant throughout the Universe? Because it is a very old resource and every day the sun boils on it and then rain. Which would mean it starts evaporating and then there is less and less. So every day is less and less.

What do we need this element for anyway? It is used for balloons, for making the high squeaking voice. It is used to make fill airships fly. The process is done by burning the helium in the balloon and expanding the helium.

What could we do about this problem? We could stop using it on unnecessary things such as ballons and start using it on use full things.

How could this issue happen with other elements? Give examples.It can get used up for not usefull things. So to preserve all gases and chemicals we could stop using it on unneded things.

Chemical Reactions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVK9Om4wzBM

The chemical reaction in this experiment was that the color of the alcohol was yellow and then turned into red color

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ypUVpwgcAA&feature=related

When the Lithium entered the water it started bubbling and in a second was burned.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=896vJj6eWYw&feature=related

The second the cesium entered the water it automatically exploded.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRmNPKVEGeQ&NR=1

The chemical reaction in this video was when the Potassium entered the water it started spinning in circles. After a while the flames changed color from orange to red.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJslbQiYrYY&NR=1

In this experiment the water was used as a fuse for the Sodium and Potassium. When it entered the sodium started burning and after a while it exploded.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2mj-Sq2oeo&feature=related

When the nitrogen was poured in the pool it froze the pool the same second it was poured.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n7kBkBcXgo&NR=1

At first nothing happened after a 20 seconds of the video the it started bubbling. It turned from blue to gray color.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Pk6s1MbszA&feature=related 

First 20 seconds of the video nothing fascinating appeared. The color of the foam changed when the gummy bear was burned from white to  to black.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i8UGUN9Czg

In this video the person put the first he added the chlorine Chemical after he added the Brake Fluid. After about 5 seconds it started smoking and then turned into flames.